Fluid mechanics deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic situations.
Fluid mechanics is a branch of continuous mechanics which deals with a relationship
between forces, motions, and statical conditions in a continuous material. This study
area deals with many and diversified problems such as surface tension, fluid statics,
flow in enclose bodies, or flow round bodies (solid or otherwise), flow stability, etc.
In fact, almost any action a person is doing involves some kind of a fluid mechanics
problem. Furthermore, the boundary between the solid mechanics and fluid mechanics
is some kind of gray shed and not a sharp distinction (see Figure 1.1 for the complex
relationships between the different branches which only part of it should be drawn in
the same time.). For example, glass appears as a solid material, but a closer look
reveals that the glass is a liquid with a large viscosity. A proof of the glass “liquidity” is
the change of the glass thickness in high windows in European Churches after hundred
years. The bottom part of the glass is thicker than the top part. Materials like sand
(some call it quick sand) and grains should be treated as liquids. It is known that these
materials have the ability to drown people. Even material such as aluminum just below
the mushy zone
1
also behaves as a liquid similarly to butter. Furthermore, material
particles that “behaves” as solid mixed with liquid creates a mixture that behaves as a
complex
2
liquid. After it was established that the boundaries of fluid mechanics aren’t
sharp, most of the discussion in this book is limited to simple and (mostly) Newtonian
(sometimes power fluids) fluids which will be defined later.
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