SYNOPSIS
Hybrid wind system is a
combined system of wind and solar power generation system. Aero turbines
convert wind energy into rotary mechanical energy. A mechanical interface, consisting of a
step-up gear and a suitable coupling transmits the energy to an electrical
generator. The output of this generator
is connected to the Battery or system grid.
The battery is connected to the inverter. The inverter is used to convert DC
voltages to AC voltages. The load is drawn current from the inverter. Wind power
ratings can be divided into three convenient grouping, small to 1kW, medium to
50 kW and large 200 kW to megawatt frame size.
Solar energy
means all the energy that reaches the earth from the sun. It provides daylight makes the earth hot and
is the source of energy for plants to grow. Solar energy is also put to two
types of use to help our lives directly solar heating and solar electricity.
Solar
electricity is the technology of converting sunlight directly in to
electricity. It is based on
photo-voltaic or solar modules, which are very reliable and do not require any
fuel or servicing. Solar electric systems are suitable for plenty of sun and
are ideal when there is no main electricity.
INTRODUCTION
Wind energy offers another source
for pumping as well as electric power generation. India
Wind power projects of aggregate capacity of
8 MW including 7 wind farms projects of capacity 6.85 MW have been established
in different parts of the country of which 3 MW capacities has been completed
in 1989 by DNES. Wind farms are operating successfully and have already fed
over 150 lakes units of electricity to the respective state grids. Over 25 MW
of additional power capacity from wind is under implementation. Under demonstration programmer 271 wind pumps
have been installed up to February 1989.
Sixty small wind battery charges of capacities 300 watts to 4 kW are
under installation. Likewise to stand-alone wind electric generators of 10 to
25 kW are under installation.
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
The major advantage of this design is that the rotor blades
can accept the wind from any compass. Another added advantage is that the machine can be mounted on
the ground eliminating tower structures and lifting of huge weight of machine
assembly, i.e. it can be operated close to the ground level. Since this machine has vertical axis symmetry, it eliminates
yaw control requirement for its rotor to capture wind energy. A dual purpose and relatively simple shaft
axis support is anticipated as well as ground level power output delivery due to
presence of vertical shaft. This may in
turn, allow easier access and serviceability. Airfoil rotor fabrication costs are expected to be reduced
over conventional rotor blade costs. The absence of pitch control requirements for synchronous
operation may yield additional cost savings. The tip speed ratio and power coefficient are considerably
better than those of the S-rotor but are still below the values for a modern
horizontal-axis, two-bladed propeller rotor.
DISADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
Rotor power output efficiency of a Darrieus wind energy conversion system is also somewhat lower than that of a conventional horizontal rotor.Because a Darrieus rotor is generally situated near ground proximity, it may also experience lower velocity wind compared to a tower mounted conventional wind energy conversion system of comparable projected rotor disc area. This may yield less energy output.
APPLICATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
Direct heat applications
Mechanical
motion derived from wind power can be used to drive heat pumps or to produce
heat from the friction of solid materials, or by the churning of water or other
fluids, or in other cases, by the use of centrifugal or other types of pumps in
combination with restrictive orifices that produces heat from friction and
turbulence when the working fluid flows through them. This heat may then be
stored in materials having a high heat capacity, such as water, stones,
eutectic salts, etc.,
A home heating
system that uses a wind powered pump and a restrictive orifice to derive direct
heat for a building, without first generating electricity also has been
developed.
Electric Generation
Applications:
Wind power can be used in centralized utility
applications to drive synchronous A.C. electrical generators. In such
applications the energy is fed directly into power networks through voltage
step-up transformers.
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER
ENERGY
SAVINGS:
By the use of tube light we can save about 40% of energy more than that
of discharge lamps and it is possible to get a better illumination at the
street and this energy can be utilized at required hour and due to this there
are following advantages.
By
the use of tube light the colour determination will be better. By
the use of this light the hard beams would not be there so that accident due to
this is avoided in the road. It
has comparatively longer life than others. The
energy consumption comparatively lesser than the other. It
can be placed for illumination at any position. it’s
construction is simple and requires less maintenance. Since
it is not a point source, the illumination level will be higher i.e., the
illumination is throughout its length, and the size of the tube is 1.2m.
APPLICATION OF SOLAR
ELECTRICITY
Solar modules
are a good source of electricity because they are reliable simples to operate
and do not require fuel.
The main
application for solar electricity is in remote sunny areas that have no main
electricity and the supply of fuel for generator is unreliable or expensive.
Many
appliances in homes and small institutions can be run on solar
electricity. Here is a list of energy:
(1)
Solar power calculator.
(2)
Street lamp.
(3)
Jack pumps that lift water from a depth of 330m.
(4)
Soldering iron.
Electric drill, sewing
machine, high voltage fly killer, science laboratory apparatus, slide projector
and
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