Hydro Forming - Engineering Seminar

 ABSTRACT

  Hydro forming is the process by which water pressure is used to form complex shapes from sheet or tube material.

 Applications of hydro forming in automotive industry are gaining globally in popularity. The trend in auto manufacturing of making parts lighter and more complicated with necessary strength reinforcement only where required is on the rise. The capability of hydro forming is more fully used to produce such complicated parts.

INTRODUCTION

  Hydro Forming uses water pressure to form complex shapes from sheet or tube material. The pressure may go up about 60,000 psi depending on the component.

 As the automobile industry strives to make car lighter, stronger and more fuel efficient, it will continue to drive hydro forming applications. Some automobile parts such as structural chassis, instrument panel beam, engine cradles and radiator closures are becoming standard hydro formed parts.

 The capability of hydro forming can be more fully used to create complicated parts. Using a single hydro formed item to replace several individual parts eliminate welding or hole punching, simplifies assembly and reduce inventory.

TAKING ADVANTAGE OF HYDRO FORMING

              When considering hydro forming, companies need to ask whether this technology will make a part cheaper to produce. The real question is whether you can refine the entire manufacturing process to take advantage of hydroforming that is when it really makes.

  Instead of looking at a single competent to determine whether it can be hydro formed , companied need to look at a product through whole process, from material to assembly , to determine what savings can be achieved . For e.g. Hydro forming often reduces number of pieces or the amount of floor space used or eliminates the need for welding stations.

METHODS OF HYDRO FORMING

Tube Hydro forming

 Straight, pre bent and or performed tubes are formed by internal water pressure with additional application of compressive mechanical forces. In this method the tube in placed in die and as press clamps the die valves, low pressure fluid in introduced into tube to pre form it.

 One the maximum clamping pressure in achieved, the fluid pressure inside the tube in increased so that tube bulges to take internal shape of the die. Simultaneously additional cylinders axially compress the tube to prevent thinning and brushing swing expansion. 

HOW CAN TUBE HYDRO FORMING  BENEFIT

THE  AUTO MANUFACTURER

·       Multiple cross – section reshaping or section modules increase

·       Improved stiffness  torsion and bending rigidly 

·       Improvement in NHV Factor 

·      Incorporation of hole punching, slot making, embosses swing hydro forming process. 

·       Reduction in number of manufacturing stages, hence tooling. 

·       Reduction in welding, hence distortion and subsequent heat treatment.

SHEET HYDRO FORMING

              Sheet hydro forming involves forming of sheet with application of fluid pressure. A sheet metal blank informed by hydraulic counter pressure generated by punch drawing sheet into pressurized water chambers. The water pressure effectively punches the sheet firmly against punch to form required shape.

 The major advantage of fluid forming is increased drawing ratio. The process tale place in two stages performed during one press stroke. The sheet in performed by applying low fluid pressure while it is in clamped firmly by a blank holder pressure. Performing achieves on evenly distributed strengthening in the component center. In next step fluid pressure in gradually increased and blank holder pressure in controlled relative to sheet reformation.

THE APPLICATION  SPECTRUM

There are numerous automotive components well suited to hydro forming of sheets. This is especially true in area of outer skin with its extreme demand of surface quality and dimensional accuracy. Longer outer skin parts for passenger cars, utility vehicles and truck such as goods, doors and tender as well as complex structural components can be formed

HYDRO FORMING PROCESS CONTROL

              A typical hydro forming system would include a press capable of developing necessary forces to clamp the die valves together when internal pressure acts on fluid; a high pressure water system to intensify water pressure for forming component, looking including aerial cylinder and punches, depending on component and a control system for process monitoring.

 Since the entire process of operation takes place inside a closed die, one cannot see what actually happens during forming. Therefore the controller plays a vital role in displaying, monitoring and controlling the different parameters of forming in real time.

CONCLUSION

  During the last 12 years, general awareness of hydro forming has grown steadily . Although interest in hydroforming is wide ranging , the vast majority of application are in automobile industry .

 Hydro Forming is not panacea for manufacturing all automotive parts. The benefits of automotive light weight resin and weight reduction achieved by hydroforming can be measured in kilogram. It cannot be applied to every components, one has to study inability of hydro forming the part and the economic and technical payback.

    Just like transistor revolutionized the electronic industry, hydro forming has taken the vehicle manufacturing industry a step up to evolutionary ladder, allowing auto component for vehicle . Although hydroforming has not taken off rapidly as it should have , is only matter on time before this technology is absorbed in the industry .